What method involves reconstructing the personality by examining free associations and the interpretation of dreams?

The method that involves reconstructing the personality through the examination of free associations and the interpretation of dreams is psychoanalysis. This approach, established by Sigmund Freud, is focused on uncovering the unconscious mind's influences on behavior and thought. Free association allows individuals to express thoughts as they come to mind, without censorship, revealing underlying conflicts and issues. Similarly, dream interpretation in psychoanalysis is used to explore the symbolic meanings of dreams, which are believed to represent repressed desires and emotions. The goal of psychoanalysis is to bring these unconscious elements into conscious awareness, facilitating insights and emotional healing for the individual.

In contrast, cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors rather than exploring the unconscious. Humanistic therapy emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, often used to foster a supportive environment for individuals to understand themselves better. Behavioral therapy centers specifically on changing observable behaviors through conditioning techniques, without delving into unconscious motives or the interpretation of dreams.