What physiological reaction occurs in the alarm stage of stress according to the General Adaptation Syndrome?

The alarm stage of stress, as described in the General Adaptation Syndrome, is characterized primarily by the fight or flight response. This physiological reaction involves the body preparing to confront or flee from a perceived threat. When an individual experiences stress, the body activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which leads to the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones trigger various bodily changes, including increased heart rate, heightened alertness, and enhanced energy supplies, all designed to prepare the individual to respond effectively to the stressor.

The relaxation response, which promotes a sense of calm and reduction of stress, does not occur during the alarm stage; instead, it is associated with recovery and relaxation after the stressor has been addressed. Additionally, while the adrenocortical response (activation of the adrenal cortex releasing cortisol) can play a role in the stress reaction, it is a part of the overall fight or flight mechanism, rather than standing alone as a response. Chronic fatigue response is not a direct reaction within the alarm stage but can result from prolonged exposure to stress without adequate recovery.

In summary, the fight or flight response encapsulates the immediate physiological adaptations the body undergoes in reaction to stress, making