What is considered a hallmark symptom of major depression?

Apathy and loss of interest are indeed hallmark symptoms of major depression. This condition is characterized by a pervasive low mood that significantly impacts an individual's ability to enjoy activities they once found pleasurable. A key component of major depression is anhedonia, which specifically refers to this reduced ability to experience joy or interest in most, if not all, activities.

Recognizing apathy in patients is essential for diagnosis, as it can lead to decreased motivation, social withdrawal, and a general sense of numbness. These symptoms can severely impair daily functioning and the quality of life, highlighting the importance of understanding and identifying them in a clinical context.

The other options do not fit as hallmark symptoms of major depression. Increased energy and improved concentration are often not associated with this condition; in fact, individuals with major depression typically experience fatigue and difficulties in focusing. Racing thoughts are more commonly connected to anxiety disorders or bipolar disorder rather than major depression.