What factors contribute to the likelihood of suicide in major depression?

The factors that contribute to the likelihood of suicide in individuals with major depression often include a history of substance abuse and a lack of social support. Substance abuse is particularly concerning because it can both exacerbate depressive symptoms and impair judgment, increasing impulsivity and the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Individuals who misuse drugs or alcohol may find it more difficult to cope with their depression, leading to feelings of hopelessness or despair.

Additionally, a lack of social support can significantly heighten the risk of suicide. Support systems, including family, friends, or community resources, play a crucial role in providing emotional assistance and a sense of belonging. When these support systems are weak or nonexistent, individuals may feel isolated and more vulnerable to suicidal thoughts and actions.

In contrast, factors such as providing proper treatment or engaging in physical activities typically serve to reduce the risk of suicide. Effective treatment for depression can address the underlying mental health issues, while physical activities can improve mood and overall well-being. Psychosocial support can also mitigate the effects of depression, leading to lowered suicide risk; however, in the specific context of the question, the combination of substance abuse and lack of social support presents a more critical risk factor.