Fluoxetine and sertraline primarily affect which neurotransmitter?

Fluoxetine and sertraline, both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), primarily affect serotonin, a key neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, emotions, and various physiological functions. By inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, these medications increase the availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, enhancing its action on serotonin receptors. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, as increased serotonin levels are associated with improved mood and emotional stability.

The other neurotransmitters mentioned—dopamine, norepinephrine, and glutamate—play significant roles in various physiological processes and mental health conditions but are not the primary targets of fluoxetine and sertraline's action. Dopamine is often involved in the brain's reward and motivation systems, norepinephrine plays a role in alertness and stress response, and glutamate is a key neurotransmitter in learning and memory. However, for the specific action of fluoxetine and sertraline, serotonin is the main neurotransmitter affected, making it the focus of their therapeutic effects.